Antivaxxers

scared stupid

Who are dumber than Trumpkins?

Sorry.  Thought we were playing "Karnac."

Tough stuff honestly.   I know many people who are scared of vaccinating their kids for fear of them becoming autistic.   My sister was one of them.   Ironically she never vaccinated her kids and her oldest is autistic.   In some ways, it might have been really good she didn't vaccinate them as she would have completely blamed the vaccinations for her child's autism if she had gone through with it.

But damn if her kids aren't always snotty.....   

Gee. I guess the pharma industry and our government would never do anything to arm the people, right?

And the government/powers that be had nothing to do with the twin towers too I guess.

Isn't it great to live in such a benevolent society?

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While I don't judge their personal opinions, it was interesting to see the lack of conviction for SOME anti-vaxers as soon as a measles outbreak hit our area and parents found out that they had to keep their kids out of school, resulting in child care issues and work absences. It was part of the exemption agreement. Many dragged their kids to health department clinics tout suite. While it's a bummer that financial considerations had to impact their health care beliefs, and it affected the poor more than the wealthy of course, it was also interesting how quickly the convictions that vaccines were harmful fell by the wayside for so many people. 

One thing that a local pediatrician did was to give his kids shots in stages. Instead of 2 or 3 or 4 shots in one visit, he spread 'em out. And now, some vaccines are being combined, making the multiple shots unnecessary. It's sad to hear of kids in all parts of the world going limp from polio for a vaccine that might cost less than a buck per dose. 

To my knowledge, the people who did the study (in England?) admitted they fudged the facts and figures and the study was flawed. But once the genie's out of the bottle via the internet......                  

I think MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) was the culprit targeted.

https://www.precisionvaccinations.com/mmr-vaccine-does-not-cause-autism-...

https://www.hrsa.gov/vaccine-compensation/index.html......

While I don't judge their personal opinions, it was interesting to see the lack of conviction for SOME anti-vaxers as soon as a measles outbreak hit our area and parents found out that they had to keep their kids out of school, resulting in child care issues and work absences. It was part of the exemption agreement. Many dragged their kids to health department clinics tout suite. While it's a bummer that financial considerations had to impact their health care beliefs, and it affected the poor more than the wealthy of course, it was also interesting how quickly the convictions that vaccines were harmful fell by the wayside for so many people.<<<<

^ isn't this kind of the crux of it all ... in terms of being able to comply with some form of social compact that allows for co-existence?   I'm sure that (as you've noted) not everyone will walk the walk when the shit hits the fan, but many will.   So, as long as there's an "out" (home schooling and even other more drastic quarantine measures), then should there ever be a question about whether or not people ought to be compelled to allow a foreign substance to be injected into their bodies?   Not suggesting this is always an easy question to answer, but would like to think society errs on the side of individual liberty.

Personally, I'm for vaccines in general and would like to see them more widely used worldwide ... although still cautious about not having a full understanding.

turts, if you poke around a bit on the link you provided, you can find the vaccine injury table, which details what injuries are covered resulting from specific vaccines.

https://www.hrsa.gov/sites/default/files/vaccinecompensation/vaccineinju...

for most vaccines, the only injuries covered are shoulder injury from injection, anaphylaxis, and vasovagal syncope, which sounds scary, but really just means you fainted from stress...for instance when somebody sees blood and faints. its not particularly dangerous and there are no lasting effects. 

aside from those minor allergic reactions, there are cases of live virus vaccines causing a weakened form of the disease, which can cause problems in children with weakened immune systems. these are all very rare and rarely serious. the three mentioned on the vaccine injury table are measles from the MMR vaccine, polio from the polio vaccine, and varicella from the varicella vaccine.

polio is no longer vaccinated using the live virus, so that risk no longer exists, despite being listed on the table.

The MMR vaccine contains live attenuated measles virus. It is estimated that administration of this vaccine is associated with moderate (39.4°C) fever in as many as 5% of recipients, and a rash in approximately 2% of those receiving immunization (3). These events typically occur approximately five to 12 days following immunization and often resolve without medical intervention. These systemic effects are likely caused by replication of the attenuated strains and host immune reaction. It has been shown that following the immunization of healthy children, the measles virus can be detected in urine as early as one day and as late as 14 days (4). Similarly, during acute infection by wild-type measles, the virus could be detected by RT-PCR for up to 14 days in >50% of healthy children (5) and up to one month in >90% of HIV-infected children (6). With the high sensitivity of an RT-PCR assay for measles virus and the lower detection limit at approximately 10 to 100 copies per reaction (7), recently immunized patients could test positive for an attenuated vaccine strain for two weeks or longer. In addition to shedding the vaccine strain for a prolonged period of time, administration of the vaccine to an individual with HIV infection and, in particular, those with AIDS, can rarely result in disseminated illness (8). In the original study by Katz et al (9), the measles virus could not be cultured from throat swabs or blood samples in the postimmunization period in a cohort of 31 children. While the attenuated virus can be detected in clinical specimens following immunization, it is understood that administration of the MMR vaccine to immunocompetent individuals does not carry the risk of secondary transmission to susceptible hosts (10). There is a case report suggesting the transmission of vaccine strain between immunocompetent siblings, but the conclusion was based only on clinical presentation, with no laboratory confirmation of infection (11,12).

 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3381670/

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a common human viral pathogen of the herpesvirus family. Vaccination with a live attenuated strain, the Oka strain, of VZV represents a major advance in the prevention of infection [1]. This attenuated VZV vaccine is generally well tolerated, although, in 3.8% of patients, a localized varicella-like rash can occur 4–8 weeks after vaccination [2]. In rare instances, however, the vaccine strain of varicella has caused a severe disseminated life-threatening infection when inadvertently administered to immunocompromised hosts. Three such cases have been identified: a 13-month-old boy with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection [3], a 5-year-old boy with mental retardation who was receiving high-dosage corticosteroid therapy [4], and a 13-month-old boy with severe combined immunodeficiency [5]

 https://academic.oup.com/jid/article/188/7/948/820095

another one listed is Brachial Neuritis from the tetanus vaccine.

Peripheral neuropathy, particularly brachial plexus neuritis, has been reported to occur hours to weeks after tetanus toxoid administration. Review of these case reports indicates that they are consistent with neuropathy as a manifestation of immune complex disease (Wassalik et al., 2008). Passive surveillance of events following immunization in the United States for 1991 – 2003 indicated that the ratio of the reported cases of brachial neuritis occurring 0 to over 60 days was 0.69 cases for 10 million doses (Zhou, 2004). Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) has been reported following TT vaccination. However, population studies that have examined the occurrence of GBS in children who have received DTP or TT vaccines do not support this vaccine as a cause of GBS (Tuttle et al., 1997). Other neurological events such as seizures have been reported but these are thought to be coincidental events rather than causal (Institute of Medicine Vaccine Safety Committee, 1994).

 https://www.who.int/vaccine_safety/initiative/tools/DTP_vaccine_rates_in...

another is Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura from MMR

METHODS:Using data from 5 managed care organizations for 2000 to 2009, we identified a cohort of 1.8 million children ages 6 weeks to 17 years. Potential ITP cases were identified by using diagnostic codes and platelet counts. All cases were verified by chart review. Incidence rate/ratios were calculated comparing the risk of ITP in risk (1 to 42 days after vaccination) and control periods.

RESULTS:There were 197 chart-confirmed ITP cases out of 1.8 million children in the cohort. There was no elevated risk of ITP after any vaccinein early childhood other than MMR in the 12- to 19-month age group.

 http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/pediatrics/early/2012/01/0...

i could keep going, and going, and going, but the basic gist of all these selections from peer reviewed research are that the instances of vaccine injury are very low, and in most cases have very high rates of recovery, compared with the diseases they protect against, many of which killed hundreds of thousands and caused serious irreversible damage. the choice should be pretty clear for any responsible and intelligent person. most medication has side effects, some of which can be serious...that doesnt mean we dont use it. 

all the crap about autism and thimerosal isnt even a discussion...its just faulty logic.

As the weather warmed up each year, panic over polio intensified. Late summer was dubbed "polio season." Public swimming pools were shut down. Movie theaters urged patrons not to sit too close together to avoid spreading the disease. Insurance companies started selling polio insurance for newborns.

The fear was well grounded. By the 1950s, polio had become one of the most serious communicable diseases among children in the United States.

In 1952 alone, nearly 60,000 children were infected with the virus; thousands were paralyzed, and more than 3,000 died. Hospitals set up special units with iron lung machines to keep polio victims alive. Rich kids as well as poor were left paralyzed.

Then in 1955, the U.S. began widespread vaccinations. By 1979, the virus had been completely eliminated across the country.

 https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2012/10/16/162670836/wiping-ou...

Between roughly 1855 and 2005, measles has been estimated to have killed about 200 million people worldwide.[113] Measles killed 20 percent of Hawaii's population in the 1850s.[114] In 1875, measles killed over 40,000 Fijians, approximately one-third of the population.[115] In the 19th century, the disease killed 50% of the Andamanese population.[116] Seven to eight million children are thought to have died from measles each year before the vaccine was introduced.[17]

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measles#History

again, it seems pretty clear that the dangers posed by vaccines are vastly, vastly preferable to the diseases they protect against. "do vaccines have dangers?" is not even the point. yes they have dangers, yes they are miracles of modern medicine that everyone should use.

unvaccinated children should not be allowed to attend public school with zero exemptions for any religion.

Indeed, Daylight.

Only caveat about vaccines is that a very small minority of children who have severely compromised immunized systems, acute illness or seizure disorders may be advised by their medical doctor to wait on getting vaccinated, and some vaccines are not given to premature babies - which is why it’s vital people receive vaccination whenever their health permits and why herd immunity is vital to preventing outbreaks of preventable and deadly diseases.

The CDC cites national standards for temporarily delaying vaccines. And no, there should absolutely be no religious exemptions. And there are very specific CDC guideline on how to screen for such rare cases of precaution and temporary medical exemptions.

 Too bad there’s no vaccine for deplorable  conspiracy theorists who spread hysteria about vaccines and withhold vaccines based on junk science.  

All anti-vaccers should be rounded up in the middle of the night and dropped off on a deserted island to fend for themselves. 

Too bad there’s no vaccine for deplorable  conspiracy theorists who spread hysteria about vaccines and withhold vaccines based on junk science. 

its called critical thinking

 Not vaccinating only works when the other 99% of the population does vaccinate.

I’m certain that the anti vaxxers and conspiracy theorists believe  that they are using their far superior critical thinking skills to understand the truth and DANGER  of the vaccines. They’re not falling for the CDC propaganda and the pro vaccine lobby are  just cray cray for believing what the science and medical community are ‘selling’

Oh, they’ll also claim they’re not anti vaxxers. 

things are always so much easier to understand when any kind of opposing viewpoints or data can all be attributed to some kind of vast conspiracy that involves all mainstream media and doctors. 

once you bring some secret society working in the shadows that controls all media and medical research into the game, its easy to write off anything that does not fit your narrative as propaganda, and not even stop for a moment to think about it or let your viewpoints be challenged in any way.

i would very much like to hear more from the antivaxxers of the zone. this being a drug band message board im sure there are more than just mark.

I've always been curious if there was any correlation between ultra sound exams and autism, since it's a huge cash cow for the medical world (and really isn't a needed exam, more for vanity these day).  That's the kind of data I could see being suppressed for $ reasons.  

Also, curious what the preservatives in the vaccines effects might be, as i've seen allergic reactions to preservatives in other medicines during my medical tenure....  

Also, research on side effects of the annual flu shots vs childhood immunizations 

i would very much like to hear more from the antivaxxers of the zone<<<

I'm not against vaccinations per se and given the information at hand I generally support them as a viable health measure for most people; however, I am opposed to forced injections of any kind that are against the will of an individual; provided there's an alternative (i.e. isolation) that mitigates imminent danger to others. 

I was scanning around the tube the other day and caught America's latest, insipid, reality show banality, masked singer. Jenny McCarthy is a judge on that show. How in the hell could anyone put that dipshit on television, especially during a measles outbreak. On a side note, I'm originally from Clark county Washington and found it mildly amusing this latest outbreaks epicenter is there. Its like people saw volcanic eruptions there and said hold my beer and watch our pestulence.

Foolish  anti vaxxers falling for fake news and junk science being propagated by Russia.  Got Jill Stein? Lol 

https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-45294192

Troll accounts that had attempted to influence the US election had also been tweeting about vaccines, a study says.

Many posted both pro- and anti-vaccination messages to create "false equivalency", the study found.

It examined thousands of tweets sent between 2014 and 2017.

Vaccination was being used by trolls and sophisticated bots as a "wedge issue", said Mark Dredze from Johns Hopkins University.

"By playing both sides, they erode public trust in vaccination, exposing us all to the risk of infectious diseases," he said.

Earlier this month, the World Health Organization (WHO) said cases of measles in Europe had hit a record high, with experts blaming this surge in infections on a drop in the number of people being vaccinated.

In the US, the number of children being exempted from immunisation for religious or philosophical reasons is also rising, research published in June found.

The tactics of a Russian troll farm

The make-up mogul who has reignited 'anti-vax' row

What's behind the 'anti-vax' movement?

While a majority of Americans believed vaccines were safe and effective, looking at Twitter gave a different impression and suggested that there was a lot of debate about the issue, the disinformation study, which was published in the American Journal of Public Health, said.

"A significant portion of the online discourse about vaccines may be generated by malicious actors with a range of hidden agendas," said David Broniatowski from George Washington University.

The researchers reviewed more than 250 tweets about vaccination from accounts linked to the St Petersburg-based Internet Research Agency (IRA). In February the agency was named in a US indictment over alleged election meddling.

The IRA tweets used polarising language and linked vaccination to controversial statements about race, class and government legitimacy, the researchers said.

One tweet casting doubt on vaccines that was cited in the study read: "Did you know there was secret government database of #Vaccine-damaged child? #VaccinateUS".

Another that argued for vaccinations said: "#VaccinateUS You can't fix stupidity. Let them die from measles, and I'm for #vaccination!"

Meanwhile less sophisticated "content polluters" - bot accounts that distribute malware, unsolicited commercial content and disruptive materials - shared anti-vaccination messages much more frequently than average Twitter users, using them as "bait" to get people to click on links to malicious websites.

Social media companies are struggling to find ways to combat disinformation on their platforms.

Earlier this week Facebook and Twitter said they had suspended or removed accounts linked to Iran and Russia over "inauthentic" or "manipulating" behaviour.

In July Twitter was reported to have shut down up to 70m fake and suspicious accounts.

Health cost of vaccination 'debate'

Despite science overwhelmingly and indisputably advocating in favour of immunisation, a growing number of parents around the world are resisting medical advice by going their own way.

Some base their decision on discredited research 20 years ago that erroneously linked the measles, mumps and rubella vaccine (MMR) to autism.

But health officials say the number of people getting the disease measles is rising because of a fall in vaccinations.

In Europe more than 41,000 people were infected with measles in the first six months of 2018 - nearly double the number of cases for the whole of last year - leading to 37 deaths.

High rates of measles were seen in Serbia, Ukraine, Georgia and Greece.

In the US the number of children being exempted from vaccines is also rising.

In Italy, the upper house of parliament has voted through legislation to abolish the law that makes vaccination mandatory for children before they start school. The amendment will mean parents of unvaccinated children will no longer face fines.

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That's pretty heavy.  

I let you know when my monkeys uncle dies from measles.

Some kids are poisoned by medicine. It’s a very easy concept.  Adults are allergic to anesthesia or aspirin etc. It doesn’t take a genius to realize that a 3lb infant should not be vaccinated at the same rate as a 10 lb infant is. The official CDC schedule is official. Lol.  Vaccines have certainly helped.  What is harmful is private drug companies dictating to our populace what is safe.  Schools are peanut free for what? It’s life changing for some kids.

FYI, Researchers are discovering that most ‘peanut allergies’ aren’t actually allergies - more along the lines of food sensitivities. Moderation and Early exposure to peanuts actually works to inoculate against ‘allergies’ 

..and most people with so called wheat or gluten allergies aren’t 

..and most people with so called wheat or gluten allergies aren’t

This. 

While there are some who indeed have allergies, the sheer numbers of those who say they have wheat/gluten allergies defies the history of man. Mankind went centuries eating wheat with few side effects. While I could understand percentages going up slightly due to better reporting to go from less than 1% of the world's population showing gluten intolerance, to the figures bantered about today (almost 50%) is a pretty hard pill to swallow. 

Yet, isn't the difference between a "sensitivity" and an "allergy" simply a matter of degree along the spectrum of how our immune system responds?

No. For example, I avoid eating raw garlic, raw onions and green peppers. I do not have an allergic response but rather just an upset stomach - burping and gas. I avoid those foods, but it’s not an allergy and it’s not going to impact my health or cause a potentially risky or deadly reaction. That’s just food sensitivities, different than allergies.

I am curious about the common profiles of anti-vaxxers.  The only ones I know are hippie dippie natural food and crystal "rub some CBD oil on that cancer" types.  I was reading about a strain of african-american anti-vaxxer who believes it is  part of the government's plan to wipe out black people (not sure if black people get a different formula or whether the formula was created to target black people and spare non-black people).  I have to assume that the anti-gov survivalist community must get in on this, given that Idaho has a high number of non-vaxxed kids. And of course, there are the religions which require no vaccines.  What are the backgrounds of the people who tend toward anti-vaxx?  This is fascinating to me from a cultural standpoint. If anyone knows folks, can you give me a thumbnail on where they tend to fit culturally?

https://www.vox.com/2017/12/5/16733744/vaccines-parents-anti-vax

For Saddler

https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/unless-you-have-celiac-disease-glu...

No. For example, I avoid eating raw garlic, raw onions and green peppers. I do not have an allergic response but rather just an upset stomach - burping and gas. I avoid those foods, but it’s not an allergy and it’s not going to impact my health or cause a potentially risky or deadly reaction. That’s just food sensitivities, different than allergies<<<<

I'm not disagreeing with you with respect to food sensitivities being less impactful than full on "allergies", but does an anecdotal account of one's first hand experience truly discount there being a "continuum of allergic responses" and food sensitivities reside closer to one of the bookends??    I took a food allergy test a number of years ago (below), and as you can see it's an IgG and IgE test.  Within each type there's "Reaction Class".  I believe there are three other immunoglobulin types, and perhaps one of the others might be a more suitable marker for what people deem to be a severe "allergy".    I don't claim to be an expert in any of this, but it appears the immune system is complex in so far as being "multi-variate" in how it reacts to various substances.   And more to the point:  both sensitivities and allergies are likely leveraging the same exact underlying system components in so far as why the even exist in the first place.

Too much snow wheat gives me GERD, so I don’t eat too much of it. I also don’t metabolize it too well and it makes me fat.

I went to a naturopath a few years ago and she told me to cut out wheat, eggs and dairy. Fuck that! I ain’t giving up cheese and butter, nor eggs and mayo. I cut back on wheat by 90%, and it made a huge difference. I don’t know why and I don’t care. I just feel better.

And you better believe my kids are vaccinated.

Perhaps this will help you understand better since the example I cited  fell short for you, Mars

https://www.healthline.com/health/allergies/food-allergy-sensitivity-dif...

>What’s the difference between being allergic to a food and being sensitive or intolerant to it? 

The difference between a food allergy and sensitivity is the body’s response. When you have a food allergy, your immune system causes the reaction. If you have a food sensitivity or intolerance, the reaction is triggered by the digestive system. 

Symptoms of food intolerance include gas, bloating, diarrhea, constipation, cramping, and nausea.

Symptoms of food allergy include hives, swelling, itching, anaphylaxis, and dizziness.

Food sensitivities

Sherry Farzan, MD, allergist and immunologist with North Shore-LIJ Health System in Great Neck, N.Y., says that that food sensitivities are not life-threatening. She explains that there are food intolerances that are not immune-mediated. Instead they’re caused by an inability to process or digest a food. 

Food sensitivities and intolerances are more common than food allergies, according to the British Allergy Foundation. Neither involves the immune system. 

A food triggers an intolerance in your digestive tract. This is where your body can’t properly break it down, or your body reacts to a food you’re sensitive to. For example, lactose intolerance is when your body can’t break down lactose, a sugar found in dairy products. 

You may be sensitive or intolerant to a food for a few reasons. These include: 

not having the right enzymes you need to digest a certain food 

reactions to food additives or preservatives like sulfites, MSG, or artificial colors

pharmacological factors, like sensitivity to caffeine or other chemicals 

sensitivity to the sugars naturally found in certain foods like onions, broccoli, or Brussels sprouts 

Symptoms of food sensitivity vary. But the symptoms of intolerance are all digestive-related. These can include: 

gas and bloating

diarrhea 

constipation

cramping

nausea

Food allergies

Your immune system is your body’s defense against invaders like bacteria, fungus, or the common cold virus. You have a food allergy when your immune system identifies a protein in what you eat as an invader, and reacts by producing antibodies to fight it. 

Farzan explains that a food allergy is an immune-mediated reaction to the food. The most common is an immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated reaction. IgEs are allergic antibodies. They cause an immediate reaction when chemicals, like histamine from mast cells, are released. 

Food allergies can be fatal, unlike a food intolerance or sensitivity. In extreme cases, ingesting or even touching a small amount of the allergen can cause a severe reaction. 

Symptoms of food allergy include: 

skin reactions, like hives, swelling, and itching

anaphylaxis, including difficulty breathing, wheezing, dizziness, and death

digestive symptoms

Eight foods account for 90 percent of allergic reactions: milk, eggs, fish, shellfish, peanuts, tree nuts, wheat, and soybeans.

There are also non-IGE mediated food allergies. These reactions occur when other parts of the immune system are activated apart from IGE antibodies. 

The symptoms of non-IGE reactions are typically delayed, and occur primarily in the gastrointestinal tract. They include vomiting, diarrhea, or bloating. Less is known about this particular type of reaction, and in general this type of response is not life-threatening.

Perhaps this will help you understand better since the example I cited  fell short for you, Mars<<<

Definitely not looking to say there's not a real difference in severity of reaction and how it feels to the person experiencing it (with life threatening consequences for some).   But what I am trying to say is that it's all part of the same proverbial elephant in a dark room ... where one person is touching its trunk, another a leg, another a tail, etc.  It's all the same thing ... even though one person might be in severe danger of getting trampled by a giant leg and another only gets "fly swatted" by it's tail.

It's also possible we're talking about different issues in some circumstances, such as the way in which garlic or dairy can give upset stomach.  I'm not sure if this sort of thing is still touching the same "elephant" of the immune system vs. how gluten "sensitivity" might?  I suspect it's possible to some extent.  However, I'm 100% convinced the food allergy test I took above is closely related to my immune system; even though when I consume the foods listed there's no overt "allergic reaction" that people typically think of.  I can detect subtle differences from day to day, but I have gleaned what I believe to be akin to empirical "evidence" after going on an extremely restrictive diet (that excluded all foods listed); and after about 6 months, my thryoid levels went significantly to the hyperthyroid side of the equation on the same level of replacement dosage that had me mostly stable for 10 years; at which point, I had to reduce my dosage by about 1/3. 

I have Hashimotos, which is an autoimmune version of hypothyroidism.  While this certainly wasn't a proper experiment per se, I'm fairly well sold on the restrictive diet from identified food allergens being the cause of the big swing in my thyroid levels, and am now a firm believer in this sort of "slow motion allergy" being but just one vector of a wide spectrum of immune response types that are a kissing cousins of a  "stereotypical allergy".  Having said all that, I reiterate my claim not to be an expert on any of this; in fact, it's now even more of a case of "the more I learn, the less I know" about the immune system.  I think it's a mistake for us to believe the state of science reached the point of McCoy or Spok waving an electronic device in front of someone and immediately knowing the exact state of affairs and its consequences.

In 100 years (if we ever make it that far), I think we'll likely have attained a level of understanding of the immune system to make the current period look like something akin to only being several paces beyond learning that "bleeding" is not good.

Pregnancy and Rubella

Rubella is very dangerous for a pregnant woman and her developing baby. Anyone who is not vaccinated against rubella is at risk of getting the disease. Although rubella was declared eliminated from the U.S. in 2004, cases can occur when unvaccinated people are exposed to infected people, mostly through international travel. Women should make sure they are protected from rubella before they get pregnant.

Infection with rubella virus causes the most severe damage when the mother is infected early in pregnancy, especially in the first 12 weeks (first trimester). During 2005-2015, eight babies with CRS have been reported in the United States.

https://www.cdc.gov/rubella/pregnancy.html